风-车-桥耦合振动研究现状及发展趋势

为推动风-车-桥耦合振动理论和应用研究的进一步深入开展，从分析框架、气动干扰、评价准则和大跨桥梁设计荷载4个方面系统梳理风-车-桥耦合振动国内外学术研究进展和热点前沿，并探讨研究不足和发展趋势。分析系统方面，首先从风作用模拟、耦合关系角度综述风-列车-桥分析系统由简化到精细的研究历程，然后沿车辆元素的精细研究历程对风-汽车-桥分析系统研究进行综述。气动干扰方面，从结构模拟精细程度、特殊工况、干扰对象等角度综述研究进展。评价准则方面，分别综述汽车和列车评价准则由简单到复杂、由确定性到不确定性的发展历程。大跨桥梁设计荷载方面，分别从现行多国规范和理论研究2个角度对大跨桥梁风和汽车荷载研究进行综述。综合分析表明：分析框架过去处于并将一直处于从简化到精细的过程中，元素模拟的精细化及相应耦合关系的重构推动分析框架升级和应用范围的扩大；气动干扰研究的干扰对象逐步增多，模拟逐步细致，数值模拟理论和风洞规模、试验测试设备及技术是限制其发展的关键因素；车-桥系统评价方面，主体结构和系统安全是评价的基础层面，附属构件和功能性的评价将越来越受到重视，且评价将由确定性向可靠性发展；大跨桥梁设计荷载方面，汽车荷载将由简单套用中小跨径桥梁设计荷载的方式，逐步过渡为考虑地区荷载特性、行驶行为等复杂模式，风和汽车荷载组合时的工况设置、计算风速的确定、荷载叠加准则、分项系数和组合系数等方面都有很大细化和深入研究的空间。

Research and Development Trends of Wind-vehicle-bridge Coupling Vibration Systems

To facilitate further research into theoretical and applied topics within wind-vehicle-bridge coupling vibration, the current state of research was summarized from four perspectives: analytical framework, aerodynamic interference, evaluation criteria and long-span bridge design loads. Existing problems were discussed. First, the refining processes of wind-vehicle-bridge analysis systems were reviewed from the perspectives of wind simulation and the coupling relationship. Then a summary of simulative development on the vehicle elements was made. For aerodynamic interference, the development process was summarized in terms of simulative precision, special conditions, and object of interference. In terms of evaluation criteria, the development course of vehicle and train was summarized from simplicity to complexity, and from certainty to uncertainty. For long-span bridge design loads, the wind and vehicle load were summarized from current multinational codes and theoretical research. Comprehensive analysis shows that the analytical framework was and will always be in the process of refinement. The refinement of the element simulation and the reconstruction of the corresponding coupling relationship promote the upgrading of the analytical framework and the expansion of application scope. The aerodynamic interference objects are gradually increasing and the simulation of these objects is gradually detailed, while the simulation theory, wind tunnel scale, test equipment, and technology are the key factors limiting its development. For a systematic evaluation of vehicle and bridge, the main structure and system security form the basis of the evaluation. Auxiliary components and functional evaluation will be paid increasing attention, and the evaluation will be developed from certainty to reliability. For design loads of long-span bridges, the vehicle load will be gradually transferred from the simple application of the design load of small and medium span bridges to a complex model considering the load characteristics, driving behavior, and so on. There is much room for further research in terms of working condition settings of wind-vehicle coupling, determination of wind speed, rule of load superposition, partial coefficient, and combination coefficient.