步行设施内疏散行人拥挤踩踏仿真研究

建立基于元胞自动机与相互作用力的拥挤行人流仿真模型，研究步行设施内疏散行人流拥挤踩踏现象. 通过单个行人占据多个元胞空间，定义行人刚体部分与弹性部分，实现行人弹性化处理；以行人间拥挤力、摩擦力等相互作用力，描述疏散行人间的相互影响. 模拟再现行人疏散过程中的移动阻滞、相互挤压，以及连续踩踏等现象. 仿真结果表明：通过提高行人吸收系数和抗踩踏系数，能有效控制行人挤伤次数和踩踏行人数量；疏散出口附近区域是拥挤力累积顶区，极易发生踩踏现象，且踩踏现象具有滞后性.

Simulation of Crowding and Stampede on Evacuation Pedestrians in Pedestrian Facilities

In this paper, a crowded pedestrian flow simulation model based on cellular automata and interaction forces is proposed to study the crowding and stampede. The model uses a single pedestrian to occupy multiple cell spaces and defines the rigid and elastic parts of a pedestrian to achieve the flexibility of pedestrians. And, the model describes interaction forces such as push- force and friction to describe the interaction between evacuated pedestrians. The simulation reproduces the phenomena of movement block, mutual extrusion, and continuous stampede. The simulation results indicate that, by increasing the pedestrian absorption coefficient and antistampede coefficient, the number of pedestrian injuries can be effectively controlled. The push-force accumulates to the top near the exits, where it may lead to stampede; and the stampede is lagging.