共享自动驾驶汽车经营策略优化分析

研究共享自动驾驶汽车(SAV)与普通汽车共存背景下,SAV公司如何根据运营目标优化经营策略并影响通勤者出行方式选择. 假设高速公路上存在一定数量的独驾通勤者,无车通勤者在SAV和地铁之间进行权衡. 分析固定需求和弹性需求下,SAV公司追求系统总成本最小或系统净收益最大和利润最大时的最优经营策略,即SAV票价和容量,进而得到均衡时模式划分情况,SAV最优发车数,系统总成本或系统净收益,以及公司利润等指标. 算例对均衡结果进一步验证发现,SAV公司垄断经营会收取较高的票价,提供容量较小的车型. 在系统最优情形下,SAV公司无法获得正利润,需要政府补贴运营.

Optimization and Analysis on Operating Strategies of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

With the coexistence shared autonomous vehicles(SAVs) and traditional vehicles, this paper studies how the SAV company optimizes its operating strategies with regards to different operational objectives and the influences on the commuters' travel mode choices. Provided that a certain number of solo commuters drive the traditional vehicles on the highway, and the other commuters without a car make travel mode choices between SAV and transit. This paper optimizes the operating strategies (i.e., the fare and capacity for SAVs) with the objectives changing from the total system cost or the net system benefit to the profit of the SAV company under the fixed demand and the elastic demand, respectively. The equilibrium mode-split flow, the optimal number of SAVs, the total system cost or the net system benefit, the profit for the company for SAVs, and other indicators are obtained. The equilibrium results are verified by a numerical example, and it is found that the monopoly SAV company always charges a higher fare and provides a smaller capacity. At the state of system optimum, the company for SAVs can't produce the positive profit and can only operate with the subsidy from the government.