基于强迫振动的列车-轨道-轨下结构垂向耦合动力分析方法及工程应用

将线路与线下结构分解为钢轨子系统和轨下结构子系统,其中钢轨子系统由上层钢轨和下层扣件一一对应的2层节点组成,钢轨处理为具有弹性离散点支承的连续梁,钢轨与扣件间的约束用弹簧-阻尼单元模拟,采用强迫位移和强迫速度的方法处理轨下结构对钢轨系统的作用,钢轨系统对轨下结构的作用则以外荷载方式施加,建立基于强迫振动的列车-轨道-轨下结构垂向耦合动力分析方法。应用该方法进行局部扣件失效对线路和车辆动力响应影响分析。结果表明:该方法能准确分析存在局部病害基础设施的动力特性;局部的扣件失效对轨下结构和车体振动影响较小,但会显著加剧轮轨之间的振动响应,车速350 km·h^-1时钢轨最大垂向位移为正常值的2.94倍,钢轨最大垂向振动加速度为正常值的2.97倍,最大轮轨力和轮重减载率分别较正常值增大了22.0%和50.2%。

Vertical Coupling Dynamic Analysis Method and Engineering Application of Vehicle-Track-Substructure Based on Forced Vibration

The track and substructure are decomposed into rail subsystem and substructure subsystem,in which the rail subsystem is composed of two layers of nodes corresponding to the upper rail and the lower fastener.The rail is treated as a continuous beam with elastic discrete point supports,and spring-damping elements are used to simulate the constraints between rail and fastener.Forced displacement and forced velocity are used to deal with the effect of the substructure on the rail system,while the external load is used to deal with the reverse effect.The vertical coupling dynamic analysis method of vehicle-track-substructure based on forced vibration is built to analyze the influence on the dynamic response of track and vehicle caused by local fastener failure.Results show that the dynamic characteristics of the infrastructure with local diseases can be accurately calculated by using the proposed method.Local fastener failure will slightly affect the vibration of substructure and carbody,but it will significantly intensify the vibration response between wheel and rail.The maximum vertical displacement and the maximum vertical vibration acceleration of rail is 2.94 times and 2.97 times the normal value respectively under the train speed of 350 km·h^-1.At the same time,the maximum wheel-rail force and wheel load reduction rate increase by 22.0%and 50.2%respectively from the normal value.