城市轨道交通项目投资/组织模式的制度绩效变迁分析

中国的城市轨道交通正处于单线、多线、网络的并存建设状态，其技术经济特性一方面直接影响投资制度设计的目标功能效用和成本；另一方面还引发了制度实施过程中的非预期功能，导致项目投资、组织模式之间出现某种内在关联和相互制约，于是模式的实施绩效沿时间轴发生变迁。考察了对应于两种项目投资结构的融资功能及其隐性成本；实证了一元投资／纵向一体化模式和一元投资／纵向“四分开”模式的平均成本曲线，指出在网络发展期，后者有向前者回归的趋势；另外，多元投资的单线经营特征使得业主有采用“代建制”的激励，但同时也引发了轨道网各单线项目之间的协调成本。最后说明投资／组织模式和城市轨道网全寿命周期自然属性的契合程度是决定其制度实施绩效的一个重要因素。

Investment & Organization Modes of Urban Mass Transit Projects and Their Institutional Performance Changes

Urban mass transit projects are under mixed type construction of single lines, multi-lines and networks in China. The technological-economic features of UMT projects directly influence the target function utility and cost of the investing system on the one hand and trigger unforeseen functions in the process of implementation on the other hand. As a consequence, internal correlation and mutual restriction are formed between the investment and organization modes and the mode performance changes along the time axis. The author analyzes the hidden costs which are linked to financing functions of investment modes. It is demonstrated that integration-related average cost curves involve investment and other at different phases of the project lifecycle and in the fecting institutional changes are the technological economic organization modes. Integrated modes change each process of industry development. Major factors affeatures of UMT projects and the UMT industry.