Local ramp metering with distant downstream bottlenecks: A comparative study |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, PR China;2. Department of Production Engineering & Management, Technical University of Crete, Greece;1. Department of Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands;2. Dynamic Systems and Simulation Laboratory, School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Technical University Campus, Chania 73100, Greece;1. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniya, Iraq;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China;1. Department of Transport and Planning, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands;2. Dynamic Systems and Simulation Laboratory, Technical University of Crete, Chania 73100, Greece;3. Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;1. Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, Italy;2. Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | The well-known feedback ramp metering algorithm ALINEA can be applied for local ramp metering or included as a key component in a coordinated ramp metering system. ALINEA uses real-time occupancy measurements from the ramp flow merging area that may be at most a few hundred meters downstream of the metered on-ramp nose. In many practical cases, however, bottlenecks with smaller capacities than the merging area may exist further downstream, which suggests using measurements from those downstream bottlenecks. Recent theoretical and simulation studies indicate that ALINEA may lead to poorly damped closed-loop behavior in this case, but PI-ALINEA, a suitable Proportional-Integral (PI) extension of ALINEA, can lead to satisfactory control performance. This paper addresses the same local ramp-metering problem in the presence of far-downstream bottlenecks, with a particular focus on the employment of PI-ALINEA to tackle three distinct cases of bottleneck that may often be encountered in practice: (1) an uphill case; (2) a lane-drop case; and (3) an un-controlled downstream on-ramp case. Extensive simulation studies are conducted on the basis of a macroscopic traffic flow model to show that ALINEA is not capable of carrying out ramp metering in these bottleneck cases, while PI-ALINEA operates satisfactorily in all cases. A field application example of PI-ALINEA is also reported with regard to a real case of far downstream bottlenecks. With its control parameters appropriately tuned beforehand, PI-ALINEA is found to be universally applicable, with little fine-tuning required for field applications. |
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| Keywords: | Local ramp metering Distant downstream bottlenecks Time delay ALINEA PI-ALINEA |
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