Residential density and transportation emissions: Examining the connection by addressing spatial autocorrelation and self-selection |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System and Safety Control, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis 38152, United States;3. School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China;4. National Center for Smart Growth Research, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States;1. School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, 221116, China;2. School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, Huainan, 232001, China;1. The Higher School of Business, Univesity of Manouba, Tunisia;2. The Higher Institute of management, University of Tunis, Tunisia;3. Higher Institute of Transport and Logistics, University of Sousse, Tunisia |
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| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of residential density on CO2 equivalent from automobile using more specific emission factors based on vehicle and trip characteristics, and by addressing problems of spatial autocorrelation and self-selection. Drawing on the 2006 Puget Sound Regional Council Household Activity Survey data, the 2005 parcel and building database, the 2000 US Census data, and emission factors estimated using the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, we analyze the influence of residential density on road-based transportation emissions. In addition, a Bayesian multilevel model with spatial random effects and instrumental variables is employed to control for spatial autocorrelation and self-selection. The results indicate that the effect of residential density on transportation emissions is influenced by spatial correlation and self-selection. Our results still show, however, that increasing residential density leads to a significant reduction in transportation emissions. |
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| Keywords: | Transportation emissions Residential density Confounding by location Self-selection |
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