冰区航行船舶冰阻力数值研究进展

冰阻力是影响船舶在冰区航行性能的关键因素。当前主要的冰阻力研究方法有经验公式法、模型/实船试验法和数值模拟方法。数值模拟方式能够对船舶破冰的全过程进行快速模拟，且模拟成本低，参数易于控制 、结果较为准确，是一种比较适宜的冰阻力预报方法。随着计算技术的进步，各种数值模拟方法层出不穷，其中包括基于网格单元的有限元模型，基于无网格方法的离散元模型、SPH法、近场动力学模型等；近年来，网格模型与无网格模型的耦合方法也逐渐发展起来。文章简要梳理了冰区航行船舶冰阻力数值研究的进展，并基于研究现状提出尚需进一步解决的问题，意在为进一步提高冰阻力数值模拟精度提供参考。

Overview of numerical simulation methods for ice resistance of ice-going ship

Ice resistance is one of the key factors that affects the navigation performance of ships. At present, empirical formula, model/full scale testing and numerical simulation are regarded as the main methods to predict the ice resistance. Among them, numerical simulation method is becoming more and more suitable and acceptable due to low cost, flexible parameter control and being able to result in relatively accurate results with quick reproduction of the whole progress of ice breaking. Along with the development of computation technology, various numerical simulation methods emerge one after another, including finite element model based on grid element, and discrete element model, SPH method, Peridynamic method based on meshless method, etc. In recent years, the coupling methods of mesh model and meshless model have been gradually developed. This paper briefly summarizes the progress of numerical simulation for ice resistance of ice-going ship, and on basis of analysis of state of art, puts forward problems to be solved, which will somehow facilitate the follow-up researches in this field.