Error and optimism bias in toll road traffic forecasts |
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Authors: | Robert Bain |
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Institution: | (1) Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK |
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Abstract: | Traffic forecasts are employed in the toll road sector, inter alia, by private sector investors to gauge the bankability of
candidate investment projects. Although much is written in the literature about the theory and practice of traffic forecasting,
surprisingly little attention has been paid to the predictive accuracy of traffic forecasting models. This paper addresses
that shortcoming by reporting the results from the largest study of toll road forecasting performance ever conducted. The
author had access to commercial-in-confidence documentation released to project financiers and, over a 4-year period, compiled
a database of predicted and actual traffic usage for over 100 international, privately financed toll road projects. The findings
suggest that toll road traffic forecasts are characterised by large errors and considerable optimism bias. As a result, financial
engineers need to ensure that transaction structuring remains flexible and retains liquidity such that material departures
from traffic expectations can be accommodated.
Robert Bain
spent the first 15 years of his career as a traffic and transportation consultant before joining the infrastructure team at
Standard & Poor’s in 2002. He is currently retained by the rating agency on a freelance basis and, separately, provides transport-related
technical support services to infrastructure funds, insurance companies and institutional investors. Robert recently completed
a PhD at the Institute for Transport Studies—hence his affiliation with the University of Leeds. |
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Keywords: | Toll road Traffic forecast Optimism bias Forecasting error |
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