对开展建设项目职业病危害预评价工作的认识

在建设项目设计施工阶段做好职业病危害预防工作,是一件事半功倍的大事,是职业病防治工作最有效、最经济的措施,而建设项目职业病危害预评价则是前期预防工作中的首要环节,是重中之重。预评价的思维方式应遵循“相关原理”、“类推原理”、“惯性原理”和“量变到质变原理”。要本着公开、公平、公正的原则,严格依照国家有关法律法规和标准,科学、全面地评价。常用的预评价方法主要有：检查表法、类比法、定量分级法,推荐使用的有毒性危险指数法和数学模式法。铁路建设项目具有职业病危害作业点多、线长、面广等待点,开展铁路建设项目职业病危害预评价工作显得极为重要和迫切。

Appraisal of the Pre-assessment on Occupational Hazards in Construction Project

This paper describes the importance of pre assessment on possible occupational health harm in construction project. In the design and construction phases of the project, effective prevention of occupational health harm is the most productive and economical way to lead to the best outcome with the minimum effort. Pre assessment on occupational hazards is the first step in the proactive prevention and has paramount importance. The pre assessment follows the principle from "interrelated theory", "analogy", "inertia theory" and "quantitative change leading to qualitative change". With openness, impartiality and justification, the pre assessment will be undertaken strictly according to the relevant laws, government regulations and national standards in a scientific and comprehensive manner. The assessment methods such as appraisal tables, analogy, quantitative classification, and toxicity risk index will be widely used as well as mathematical modeling. Occupational hazards in railway projects is often from a large number of construction sites over long distance and large area. As a result, pre assessment on the hazards is extremely important and urgently required.