考虑均衡性的城市轨道交通线路负荷水平评估研究

线路负荷水平的评价工作是优化运输组织方案的重要前提。首先，本文分析了采用单一均值性指标表征负荷水平不能体现线路内负荷分布偏差的问题。为此，从城市轨道交通线路客流与运输能力匹配的角度出发，以列车负荷为评价单元，建立包括负荷均值和标准差率二维指标的线路负荷水平评估模型。负荷均值指标考虑了各评价单元加权计算，以反映每个评价单元对线路负荷水平的贡献程度，标准差率指标表征负荷均衡性。模型分析得出，线路所有区间的运力同等规模变化不影响标准差率指标，相对提高大客流区间或大客流方向上的输送能力能够改善线路负荷的均衡性。算例分析表明：客流方向不均衡系数超过 1.4 时，应考虑运力优化措施以提高运输能力利用的均衡；组织列车大小交路方案和不成对行车模式，能够提高线路负荷的均衡程度。

Line Loading Evaluation Method for Urban Rail Transit Considering Train Loading Evenness

The evaluation of line loading is an important part of rail transit scheduling and management. This paper points out the issue that using the single average parameter cannot fully reflect the load distribution deviation on the transit lines. Therefore, focusing on matching passenger flow and transport capacity of urban rail transit lines, this paper proposes a line loading evaluation model with two indexes of mean value and coefficient of variation and takes train loading factor as evaluation unit. The mean value is equal to the weighted sum of each evaluation unit which represents the contribution of each evaluation unit to the line loading level. The coefficient of variation reflects the evenness of line loading. The model analysis shows that increasing the transport capacity of the sections or direction with large passenger flow properly can improve the evenness of line loading. The case study shows that when directional uneven coefficient of passenger flow exceeds 1.4, the capacity optimization measures should be considered to improve the capacity utilization; The mode of full-length and short-turn routing and bidirectional uneven operating can improve the evenness of line loading to some extent.