道路分隔栏的安全性能评价研究

通过对道路分隔栏的实际应用情况与车辆碰撞事故特征分析，在借鉴国内外相关规范的基础上，从碰撞车型、碰撞质量、碰撞速度、碰撞角度、碰撞点位置等因素出发，结合分隔栏事故特征和车辆乘员安全指标，研究确定了道路分隔栏的碰撞试验参数与安全性能评价标准，并利用该试验参数和评价标准，通过有限元仿真技术手段对目前常见的道路分隔栏结构进行了安全性能评价。研究表明：在车辆碰撞分隔栏的事故中，事故车辆主要为小型客车，且分隔栏杆侵入乘员舱造成人员伤害的案例较多，而其他类型伤害较少，因此分隔栏在实际使用中应主要考察车辆碰撞时分隔栏及其构件因为刺入乘员舱对乘员伤害的可能；在1.5 t小客车以60 km/h速度正碰条件下，某常用道路分隔栏的横向杆件侵入了车辆乘员舱，其安全性能不满足评价标准要求。研究成果为道路分隔栏安全性能评价标准的制定提供了一定借鉴作用。

Study on Safety Performance Evaluation Criterion of Road Dividers

By analyzing the practical application and the vehicle collision accidents of the road divider, the collision test parameters and the safety performance evaluation criterion of the road divider are studied and determined on the basis of referring to the relevant standards and norms at home and abroad, and combined with the multiple characteristics of the divider accidents and the vehicle passenger safety, starting from the impact of vehicle type, impact mass, impact speed, impact angle, impact point position and other factors indicators. And the safety performance of the common road divider structure is evaluated by the finite element simulation technology based on the test parameters and the evaluation criteria. The results show that in the accident of vehicle collision with the divider, the main vehicles involved are the minibuses, and there are more cases of the injury caused by the intrusion of separation railings into the crew cabin while other types of injury are less. Therefore, in the practical use of the road divider, the main investigation should be made on the possibility of the road divider and its components impinging on the occupant compartment during vehicle collisions. And under the direct collision condition of a 1.5 t car at a speed of 60 km/h, the lateral bar of the common road divider intrudes into the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and its safety performance does not meet the requirements of the evaluation standard. The study result provides some references for the formulation of safety performance evaluation standard of the road divider.