黄河下游河南段航运开发对策研究

通过分析黄河下游航运的历史和现状,结合黄河下游河道调水调沙实践,探讨了黄河下游通航的主要问题,并提出了黄河下游通航的对策。黄河水系的航运历史悠久、曾经十分发达,后来由于黄河天然径流量的大幅度减少、泥沙含量剧增,大量泥沙沉积于河床,航运受到很大影响,特别是受黄河防汛和闸坝影响,黄河航运发展较慢,与公路、铁路运输相比,水运发展滞后。因河势险恶、部门沟通不足、建设资金短缺等原因,目前黄河河南段只有库区和部分区间通航,通而不畅,未构成水运通道,水路运输的优势也未能体现。分析表明:只有河道治理与航运开发等部门统一规划、密切协作,优化水沙调控方案,进一步稳定河势、束水攻沙、固定中水河槽、改善通航条件,才能实现黄河下游河南段全线通航。

Research on navigation development in the Lower Yellow River in Henan Province

According to the analyzing of the history and present situation of navigation development in the Lower Yellow River,the main problems on navigation are discussed concerning the practice of the water-sediment regulation.Furthermore,the reasonable advices about the exploitation of the navigation in the Lower Yellow River are put forward.The navigation of the Yellow River has a long history and used to be very prosperous.With the great decreasing of runoff in the Yellow River and increasing of the sediment concentration,a large amount of sediment volume aggraded and hindered the navigation of the Lower Yellow River.Compared with highway and railway,the development of the navigation is very slow due to the influence of flood prevention,locks and dams on the Yellow River.Presently the navigation is available only in the reservoir area and some parts of channel.Therefore,the navigation channel has not been formed and the advantage of the navigation has not been exerted.The analysis indicates that only under the unified layout and the close cooperation between the waterway regulation department and the navigation development department,as well as optimizing the water and sediment adjusting scheme,stabilizing the river bank,contracting water for sand transporting,fixing the middle flood channel and improving the navigation conditions,can the whole navigation in the Lower Yellow River in Henan Province be realized.