On the morning commute problem with bottleneck congestion and parking space constraints |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;2. Sino-US Global Logistics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China;3. School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China;1. School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China;2. Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;1. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States;3. Department of Economics and School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States;2. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong;2. Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, 365 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA |
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| Abstract: | Morning commuters choose their departure times based on a combination of factors—the chances of running into bottleneck congestion, the likely schedule delays, and parking space availability. This study investigates the morning commute problem with both bottleneck congestion and parking space constraints. In particular, it considers the situation when some commuters have reserved parking spots while others have to compete for public ones on a first-come-first-served basis. Unlike the traditional pure bottleneck model, the rush-hour dynamic traffic pattern with a binding parking capacity constraint varies with the relative proportions of the two classes of commuters. It is found that an appropriate combination of reserved and unreserved parking spots can temporally relieve traffic congestion at the bottleneck and hence reduce the total system cost, because commuters without a reserved parking spot are compelled to leave home earlier in order to secure a public parking spot. System performance is quantified in terms of the relative proportions of the two classes of commuters and is compared with those in the extreme cases when all auto commuters have to compete for parking and when none of them have to compete for one. |
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| Keywords: | Morning commute Parking space constraint Bottleneck congestion Dynamic traffic equilibrium |
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