舰船系统的雷电防护设计

  目的  为了设置或完善舰船防雷措施，需要评估舰船关键设备的雷击风险和避雷针的防护效果。  方法  首先构建雷电先导分形模型，对舰船的雷电附着过程进行仿真研究。改进模型仿真边界配置和雷击风险量化评估方法，定量研究不同因素对舰船雷击风险的影响。  结果  仿真结果表明，在基本配置下舰船中部避雷针防护概率超过75%。船首、船尾和远离避雷针的天线有相对较大的绕击风险。雷电起始位置越靠近避雷针、雷电流越大、避雷针越高，船上天线被雷击的概率越低。  结论  所构建的雷电先导分形模型，可用于排查舰船表面直击雷防护的薄弱环节，有助于舰船直击雷防护的设计工作。

Lightning protection design of ship system

  Objective  In order to set or improve the lightning protection measures of ships, it is necessary to evaluate the strike risk of critical equipment and the protection effect of the lightning rod.  Methods  In this paper, a lightning leader fractal model is constructed and applied to a simulation study on the lightning attachment process of a ship. The configuration method of the simulation boundary of the model and the quantitative evaluation method of lightning strike risk are improved, and a quantitative study on the influence of different factors on the lightning strike risk of the ship is performed.  Results  The simulation results show that the protection probability of the lightning rod in the middle of the ship is more than 75% under the basic configuration. The bow, stern and antenna far away from the lightning rod have a relatively large risk of circling strike. The lightning strike probability of the shipboard antenna is lower if the lightning initiation position is closer to the lightning rod, the lightning current is greater or the lightning rod is higher.  Conclusions   The lightning leader fractal model constructed in this paper can be used to investigate the weak links of direct lightning protection on the surface of ships, which can provide useful references for the direct lightning protection design of ships.