Regulatory reform and the congestion of urban railways |
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Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China;2. School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China;3. School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China;4. Department of Urban and Economic Geography, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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Abstract: | This paper examines various regulatory methods for congested urban railways. After building a closed spatial model with a congestible railway line, we conduct a numerical simulation of the impacts of the regulatory methods, using data on a typical railway firm in Japan. A closed spatial model in this paper enables us to evaluate the regulatory methods in terms of social welfare as well as to show a change in the typical performance of railways, such as the level of fares, railway capacity, and congestion. The simulation results show that implementing simple price-cap regulation, without properly addressing the congestion problem, makes railway firms operate efficiently, but substantially shrinks railway capacity and lowers social welfare. We then consider modified versions of price-cap regulation, which are consistent with relief of congestion. |
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