城市道路过街行人风险感知及决策损失研究

为了给城市道路过街行人安全通行提供决策依据，通过进行过街行人决策风险 试验，对过街行人的感知风险及决策行为进行了分析.给出了过街行人感知风险随机动车 速度变化的规律及过街行人决策行为的损失函数，基于概率论构建了过街行人碰撞风险 概率模型，并标定了在不同车速等级下过街行人的行车延误和碰撞风险损失.研究结果表 明，当行车速度较低时，过街行人采取穿越策略最优；当行车速度处于中等时，过街行人 采取等待或穿越策略损失相差不大，但以穿越较优；当行车速度较高时，由于风险过高， 行人不宜选择穿越，即使过街延误时间增长，对于自身的最优策略应该是等待.

Urban Road Crossing Pedestrian Risk Perception and Decision Loss

To provide decision gist for pedestrians in urban road crossing, the paper carries on experiment of pedestrian decision risk, and analyzes pedestrian perceptional risk and decision. Changing rule of pedestri- an perceptional risk with vehicle speed variation is examined, and pedestrian decision loss function is estab- lished. Collision risk probability model is also formulated based on the probability theory. Delay and colli- sion risk loss caused by pedestrian decision are calibrated, respectively. The result shows that crossing is the best decision for pedestrian at low vehicle speed; at medium vehicle speed, there is no evident difference for pedestrian between waiting and crossing, but crossing has fewer losses; at high vehicle speed, pedestrian should not cross for high risk. Even though crossing delay increases, the best solution for pedestrian should be waiting.