进境船舶压载舱沉积物中耐受藻类群落结构研究

世界贸易90%依靠船舶运输,已确认约有500种入侵生物由船舶压载水途径传播。压载舱沉积物含有比压载水中数量更为庞大的生物群体,如浮游植物及其孢囊。若其入侵口岸国海域并爆发赤潮,会对近海环境、居民健康和海域经济造成严重威胁。对船舱黑暗环境的长期耐受性是其中藻类入侵口岸国海域最重要的前提条件。沉积物中已发现的藻类有甲藻、硅藻、隐藻等不同门类,藻类组成较为丰富。孢囊和休眠细胞的形成可保护处于恶劣环境的藻细胞免受破坏。目前已知可形成孢囊主要为甲藻,其他藻类的耐受机制缺乏研究。本文对压载水中发现的藻类物种组成及其细胞进行研究其能否形成孢囊或休眠细胞,并对进境船舶压载舱沉积物的耐受藻类进行物种的组成结构分析,以此丰富对进境船舶压载舱沉积物携带的藻类耐受机制研究。

Study on the Structure of Tolerant Algae Community in Ballast Tank Sediments of Entering Ships

90%of world trade depended on ship transportation.About 500 species of organisms carried by ships'ballast water have been identified causing invasion.Sediments of ballast tank entrained larger groups of organisms such as phytoplankton and their cysts than in ballast water.These non-indigenous algae could invade the coastal area of port country and even form red tide,which would throw serious threats to the offshore environment,residents'health and coastal economy.The most important factor for non-indigenous algae from sediment of ballast tanks to invade the coastal areas of another country was their tolerance to the long-term dark environment.While,the tolerance mechanisms were not studied except dinoflagellates,which could form cysts.Algae have been found in sediments,such as dinoflagellate,diatom,Cryptophyta and other different species,which hinted the composition was relatively rich.The formation of cysts and resting cells could protect algal cells in harsh environments.It was well known that the cysts are mainly protecting mechanism for dinoflagellates,while the tolerance mechanism of other algae is lacking.We will analyze the composition of algae species found in ballast water and survey whether their cells can form cysts or resting cells.The results can enrich the study of algae tolerance mechanism carried by ballast tank sediments.