基于驾驶行为的高速公路出口标志形式研究

为了给中国指路标志标准规范修订完善提供参考，针对中国当前标准规范中高速公路互通出口标志形式与以美国为代表的发达国家之间的差异，设计了2种出口标志形式，分别设置在r形和Y形出口，共形成4组设置方案组。通过驾驶模拟实施寻路试验，获取微观驾驶行为数据，以此为基础研究不同形式出口标志的效用。利用因子分析法得到综合因子得分，定义为“出口行动作用参数”，基于行动作用参数选择了强度值、变化率和行动作用位置3个评价指标，比较了不同出口形式下不同形式出口标志的效用。研究结果表明：对于r形和Y形出口，简化型的强度值和行动作用位置均优于国标型，r形出口简化型的变化率劣于国标型，Y形出口简化型的变化率与国标型没有差别。不同出口形式的评价指标效果是不同的，简化型的出口标志有助于增强出口行动作用参数强度值和提前行动作用位置，用于Y形出口综合效果较优，建议简化型作为Y形出口标志的推荐形式。

Exit Gore Sign Forms for Freeway Based on Driving Behavior

This study aims to provide a reference for improving the guide sign technical standards of China, considering the differences between the form of freeway exit gore signs in technical specifications in China and the developed countries, represented by the United States. The study also seeks to investigate the utility of different forms of exit gore signs. In this study, two kinds of exit gore signs were designed to form four guide sign schemes located in r-shaped and Y-shaped exits, and the signs were implemented through way-finding experiments by the driving simulation to obtain micro-driving behavior data. Then, the factor analysis method was applied to obtain the comprehensive factor score, which was defined as the “exit action parameter.” Based on this parameter, three evaluation indexes of strength value, change rate, and action position were selected to compare the effects of the various exit gore sign forms under different exit forms. The results demonstrate that the strength value and action position of the simplified form are found to be better than those of the national standard form for both r-shaped and Y-shaped exits. However, the change rate of the simplified form is inferior to that of the national standard form for the r-shaped exit, and no difference is observed for the Y-shaped exit. The evaluation indicators vary for different exit forms. The exit gore sign with simplified form helps to promote the strength value and action position of the exit action parameter and exhibits a better comprehensive effect for the Y-shaped exit. Therefore, it is recommended that the simplified form should be applied in exit gore signs in Y-shaped exits.