基于驾驶模拟器的性别对信控铁路道口抵近行为的影响研究

为了分析不同性别驾驶人抵近信号灯控制铁路道口的驾驶行为特性，设计了5个具有不同红灯触发时距的信号灯控制铁路道口的虚拟场景，并进行了驾驶模拟试验，采集24名男性驾驶人和20名女性驾驶人抵近道口的微观驾驶行为数据。基于时空特性将抵近行为划分为月白灯期间、红灯进入时刻、红灯期间3个阶段，利用混合线性模型和二元Logistics线性回归模型对比分析了2组驾驶人抵近道口的制动行为、加速行为和闯红灯行为特性，并探索性别与信号灯控制铁路道口抵近行为的相关关系。结果表明：男性驾驶人更倾向于在月白灯期间提前制动，其提前制动率是女性驾驶人的1.57倍；男性驾驶人在红灯进入时刻和红灯期间的车辆操控行为特性与女性驾驶人无显著性差异；男性驾驶人的总体违法率是女性驾驶人的1.5倍，尤其在红灯触发时距较大（4~6 s）时，女性驾驶人几乎无人违法，而男性驾驶人在3个场景下的违法率仍然达到25.0%、12.5%和16.7%；男性驾驶人闯红灯的严重性更高，驾驶风格更加冒险激进；另外，驾驶人闯红灯行为还受红灯进入时刻位置、制动时刻位置和加速时刻位置显著影响，说明驾驶人在走停决策的制定上更依赖于物理空间位置，与车辆运行速度和驾驶人反应能力无关。研究结果可应用于铁路道口安全管理与防护对策设计。

Effect of Gender on Approach Behavior at Flashing Light Grade Crossings Base on Driving Simulator

To explore the effect of gender on driving behavior when approaching flashing light grade crossings, five flashing light grade crossing virtual scenarios with different flashing red light trigger timings were designed, and driving simulation experiments were conducted. The micro-driving performance data of 24 male and 20 female drivers were collected. A conceptual model was proposed to divide the entire approaching process into three stages based on the time-space characteristics:during the white signal, at the onset of the red signal, and during the red signal. First, the braking, accelerating, and red-light running behaviors of two groups of drivers were analyzed using the mixed linear model and the binary logistic linear regression model. Second, the correlations between gender and the approach behavior were explored. The analysis results show that male drivers exhibit a higher tendency to brake early during the white signal than female drivers do, and the early braking proportion of male drivers is 1.57 times that of female drivers. No significant gender-wise differences are found for vehicle handling behavior at the onset of and during the red signal. Overall, the violation rate of male drivers is 1.5 times that of female drivers. Female drivers almost always comply with the signal, particularly when the flashing red light trigger timings are longer (4-6 s), whereas the violation rates of male drivers for the three stages are approximately 25.0%, 12.5%, and 16.7%, respectively. Moreover, male drivers exhibit a higher red-light running severity than female drivers do. It is evident that the driving style of male drivers is more adventurous than that of female drivers. In addition, the red-light running behavior is also significantly affected by the distance at the onset of the red signal, the braking distance, and the acceleration distance. This indicates that the stop-go decision-making of the driver is strongly dependent on the physical space distance and not on the vehicle running speed or the reaction ability of the driver. The results of this research are valuable for safety management and the design of protective countermeasures for flashing light grade crossings.