考虑货量的集装箱班轮营运成本优化

针对集装箱班轮单航线同型船的运输优化问题,考虑航线港口时间窗和货量的影响,建立以航线营运成本最小为目标的优化模型,设计和应用向上取整的遗传算法,通过算例分析验证模型的有效性。结果表明:燃油价格上升或货量增加时,最优配船数量会随着燃油价格的上升在一定范围内保持不变,总体随着燃油价格的增加而增加;最优航速在配船数量不变时基本上保持不变,受港口时间窗的影响,各段最优航速均不相同;主机总燃油成本在配船数量不变时会随燃油价格的上升而增加,但在配船数量增加的转折点处会随着燃油价格的上升而下降;总营运成本是否增加主要取决于最优航速下燃油成本的节约量与增加配船对应固定成本的增加量两者之间的博弈。

Operation Cost Optimization of Container Liner Against Volume of Freight

The operation of a fleet of same type of container carriers operating on one route is optimized in terms of the lowest operating cost with the constraints of the port time window and cargo volume.The genetic algorithm of up-rounding is designed and the validity of the model is verified by case analysis.The analysis shows:That when the fuel price increases or the cargo volume increases within a certain range,the optimal number of ships in operation is not affected,but over that range,it changes with fuel price,higher fuel price requires more ships;The optimal speed is constant for the given number of ships,while the optimal speed of each segment varies according to the port time window;For the given number of ships,the total fuel cost of the main engine increases as the fuel price increases,but decreases instead at the turning point from decrease to increase of the number of ships;The resultant change of operating cost is determined by the balance between the fuel cost saving from speed optimization and the fixed cost increase due to increase of ships.