超大型油船冰区靠泊关键技术——以大连长兴岛恒力石化码头为例

以往渤海内超大型油船(Very Large Crude Carrier,VLCC)冰区靠泊作业研究大多是基于操作经验开展的,缺乏普遍的实践指导意义,为从理论上解决这一问题,运用冰的弹性模量与冰的体积之间的换算关系,建立船舶与码头之间冰体积计算的数学模型,并结合船舶转新航向距离的算法,解决VLCC冰区靠泊的两项关键技术,即:为减少船岸间隙冰量,求取船舶应采取的最佳入泊角度;拖船推力等于冰阻力时,计算船舶与码头的极限横向距离,并据此确定靠泊转向过程中的最晚施舵点,从而为解决VLCC冰区靠泊的技术难点提供重要的理论支撑。

Key Berthing Technology of VLCC in Ice Area:A Case Study of Dalian Changxing Island Hengli Petrochemical Wharf

The study of berthing operations of super-large oil tankers in the ice area features its analysis beyond operating experiences summarizing.The casestudy at Bohai Sea is presented.A mathematical model for calculating the volume of ice between a ship and the pier is derived according to the volume-elastic modulus relation of ice.The algorithm to calculate the necessary travel distance for a ship to change its course is used to find ship’s best approaching angle to the pier in the way of making minimum amount of ice between the ship and the pier.The minimum transverse distance between the ship and the pier are calculated through setting the tug thrust to equal ice resistance.The latest moment of manipulating rudder in the process of berthing is decided based on the knowledge about the transverse distance.The model provides a theoretical thinking in solving berthing problems of super-large tankers in ice area.