Traffic conflict models to evaluate the safety of signalized intersections at the cycle level |
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| Institution: | 1. Public Works Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;2. Intelligent Transportation Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;3. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;1. Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center 4th Floor, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;2. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University (ODU), 129C Kaufman Hall, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;3. Department of Computational Modeling and Simulation Engineering, Old Dominion University, 4700 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;1. School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Science & Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia;2. School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada;1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Canada;3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The safety of signalized intersections has often been evaluated at an aggregate level relating collisions to annual traffic volume and the geometric characteristics of the intersection. However, for many safety issues, it is essential to understand how changes in traffic parameters and signal control affect safety at the signal cycle level. This paper develops conflict-based safety performance functions (SPFs) for signalized intersections at the signal cycle level. Traffic video-data was recorded for six signalized intersections located in two cities in Canada. A video analysis procedure is proposed to collect rear-end conflicts and various traffic variables at each signal cycle from the recorded videos. The traffic variables include: traffic volume, maximum queue length, shock wave characteristics (e.g. shock wave speed and shock wave area), and the platoon ratio. The SPFs are developed using the generalized linear models (GLM) approach. The results show that all models have good fit and almost all the explanatory variables are statistically significant leading to better prediction of conflict occurrence beyond what can be expected from the traffic volume only. Furthermore, space-time conflict heat maps are developed to investigate the distribution of the traffic conflicts. The heat maps illustrate graphically the association between rear-end conflicts and various traffic parameters. The developed models can give insight about how changes in the signal cycle design affect the safety of signalized intersections. The overall goal is to use the developed models for the real-time optimization of signalized intersection safety by changing the signal design. |
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| Keywords: | Automated traffic conflict analysis Safety of signalized intersections Effect of signal design on safety Safety performance functions |
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