Real-time holding control for high-frequency transit with dynamics |
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Institution: | 1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 1-235, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States;2. Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States;1. Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;2. Research Center of Intelligent Transportation System, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China |
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Abstract: | Operations control is an important means of improving service quality for high-frequency transit. Past research on real-time control has focused on developing and evaluating the effectiveness of different control strategies, largely relying on running times and demand which are assumed to be static. We formulate a mathematical model for holding control optimization that reflects dynamic running times and demand. The model can be used to produce a plan of holding times that accounts not only for the current state of the system, but also for expected changes in running times and demand. We evaluate the effectiveness of the model within a simulation environment. The results show that control based on dynamic inputs outperforms its static equivalent in high demand cases where passengers can be left behind at stops, and to a lesser extent in low to moderate demand cases with time-varying running times. |
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