轮轴过盈配合面损伤分析及对策

轮轴过盈配合面的微动损伤常常导致车轴产生裂纹甚至断裂,为了避免以往用高压退轮的方法带来的2次损伤,采用原位剖切的方法,将车轴与轮毂配合分离来观察分析轮座表面损伤的基体特征。结合对配合面的显微观测和力学分析对损伤进行分析,结果表明:在复杂的载荷作用下,RD2型车轮与车轴轮座接触边缘发生复合微动,配合面的2个接触边缘存在一个宽度约20 mm环状磨损区域,并伴有微裂纹的形成,破坏特征完全符合微动疲劳磨损机制。评述和比较了现有的车轴抗微动损伤的措施,并提出了自己的建议,对深入研究车轴损伤机制及预防措施提供理论基础。

Analysis and Countermeasure of Fretting Damage on Wheel/Axle Interface

Fretting damage on wheel/axle interface may reduce the axle failure such as crack formation or even fracture.In order to avoid an additional degradation of surface caused by the classic method of wheel-axle disassembled with press,an in-situ cutoff of the wheel is performed,and the wheel/axle joint is separated to directly examine the damage behavior of the contact surface.Microscopic examinations in combination with mechanical analysis show that there are two circular worn zones of about 20mm in length at the edges of the interface accompanying with some micro-cracks.The degradation feature corresponded to the mechanism of fretting wear and fatigue.Current palliative measures against fretting damage of the axle have been reviewed and some suggestions have been put forward.