戈壁强风区挡风构筑物限制下列车气动力学特性分析

基于数值模拟分析结论,揭示了在风速为35.1 m/s条件下,2种不同既有挡风构筑物结构形式限制下的列车气动力学特性规律。首先计算得到平坦地表列车所受侧向压力为3 645 N,倾覆力矩为7 900 N.m;路基高度为4.0 m时,侧向压力为7 978 N,倾覆力矩分别为17 820N.m;在平坦地表上设置土堤式挡风墙后,侧向压力与倾覆力矩分别减小45%、36%,设置对拉式挡风墙后,侧向压力与倾覆力矩绝对值分别减小94%和96%;当路基高度为4.0 m时,设置对拉式挡风墙后,压力与倾覆力矩绝对值均减小94%。分析表明,在平坦地表上对拉式挡风墙的防护效果好于土堤式挡风墙,得出各种既有挡风构筑物墙后列车的气动力学特性参数指标,为既有挡风构筑物的优化以及后建工程措施提供参考。

Analysis on Train Aerodynamics Characteristics under Different Types of Windbreak Structures at Strong Wind Zone in Gobi

Based on numerical simulation,the train aerodynamics characteristics of two types of windbreak structures with the wind speed of 35.1 m/s were researched respectively in this article.The calculation results indicate that: on the flat ground surface,the train suffered the lateral pressure of 3 645 N and the overturning moment of 7 901 N·m;when the height of subgrade was 4.0 m,the lateral pressure was 7978N and the overturning moment was 17 820 N·m;when the earth type windbreak wall was erected on the flat ground surface,the lateral pressure were reduced by 45% and the overturning moment were reduced by 36%;also at the same height,when the tendon type windbreak wall was erected,the lateral pressure were reduced by 94% and the overturning moment were reduced by 96%;when the height of subgrade is 4.0m and the tendon type windbreak wall was installed,the absolute values of the lateral pressure and overturning moment were both reduced by 94%.The analysis result shows that on the flat ground surface,the protection effect of the tendon type windbreak wall is better than that of the earth type windbreak wall.Also,through analysis,various parameter indexes of train aerodynamics characteristics behind the existing windbreak structures were obtained in this article which can serve as a reference for optimizing the windbreak structures and planning the follow-on works.