Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Sauder School of Business, The University of British Columbia, Canada;2. Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, The University of Sydney, Australia;3. Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;1. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China;2. Department of Transportation Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China;3. School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, China;1. School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;2. Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, University of Sydney, Australia;3. Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Canada;1. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China;2. Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, University of Sydney, Australia;3. Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;4. School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Various market-based measures have been proposed to reduce CO2 emissions from international shipping. One promising mechanism under consideration is the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). This study analyzes and benchmarks the economic implications of two alternative ETS mechanisms, namely, an open ETS compared to a Maritime only ETS (METS). The analytical solutions and model calibration results allow us to quantify the impacts of alternative ETS schemes on the container shipping sector and the dry bulk shipping sector. It is found that an ETS, whether open or maritime only, will decrease shipping speed, carrier outputs and fuel consumption for both the container and dry bulk sectors, even in the presence of a “wind-fall” profit to shipping companies. Under an open ETS, the dry bulk sector will suffer from a higher proportional reduction in output than the container sector, and will thus sell more emission permits or purchase fewer permits. Under an METS, container carriers will buy emission permits from the dry bulk side. In addition, under an METS the degree of competition within one sector will have spill-over effects on the other sector. Specifically, when the sector that sells (buys) permits is more collusive (competitive), the equilibrium permit price will rise. This study provides a framework for identifying the moderating effects of market structure and competition between firms on emission reduction schemes, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the differential impacts of ETS schemes on individual sectors within an industry when considering alternative policies. |
| |
| Keywords: | Shipping industry Open and closed Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) Carbon emission Economic modeling |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
