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Optimal funding allocation strategies for safety improvements on urban intersections
Institution:1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Memphis, 3815 Central Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152, United States;2. Texas A&M Transportation Institute, 1100 N.W. Loop 410, Suite 400, San Antonio, TX 7821, United States;3. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1761, Austin, TX 78712, United States;4. Intermodal Freight Transportation Institute, University of Memphis, 302 Engineering Sc. Bldg., Memphis, TN 38152, United States;1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Memphis, 3815 Central Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152, United States;2. Civil & Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, 135 Kaufman Hall, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States;3. Intermodal Freight Transportation Institute, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States;4. Tennessee Department of Transportation, Nashville, TN 37243, United States;1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
Abstract:Urban intersections crashes cause significant economic loss. The safety management process undertaken by most states in the United States is referred to as Highway Safety Improvement Program and consists of three standardized steps: (i) identification of critical crash locations, (ii) development of countermeasures, and (iii) resource allocation among identified crash locations. Often these three steps are undertaken independently, with limited detail of each step at the state planning agencies. The literature review underlines the importance of the third step, and the lack of sophisticated tools available to state planning agencies for leveraging information obtained from the first two steps. Further, non-strategic approaches and unavailability of methods for evaluating policies may lead to sub-optimal funding allocation. This paper overcomes these limitations and proposes multiple optimal resource allocation strategies for improvements at urban intersections that maximize safety benefits, under budget and policy constraints. Proposed policy measures based on benefits maximization (economic competitiveness), equitable allocation (equity), and relaxation of mutually exclusiveness (multiple alternatives at one location) produce significantly different alternative and fund allocation. The proposed models are applied to selected intersections in four counties of southeast Michigan. Results reinforce the applicability of the strategies/policies and tools developed in this paper for safety project funding allocation on critical urban intersections.
Keywords:Resource allocation  Economic competitiveness  Equity in outcome  Equity in opportunity
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