Failure rates and data driven policies for vehicle safety inspections in Pennsylvania |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;2. Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;3. Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;1. Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 63737, Singapore;2. Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;1. Bacterial Protein Toxin Research Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;2. Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;4. Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;5. Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biochemistry, Biophysics Institute for Research and Development (BIRD), Bangkok 10160, Thailand;1. Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA;2. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Escola de Veterinária, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Castanhal, Pará 68743-080, Brazil;3. Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, Paraíba 58700-000, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Rail, truck, commercial bus, and aircraft have federally mandated safety inspection programs in the United States, while inspections of personal vehicles, which make up the majority of passenger miles, are optionally imposed at the state level. In recent years, some states have chosen to eliminate the vehicle safety inspection program because of budget constraints and concerns about program effectiveness. Currently, 26 states have a schedule for conducting safety inspections, but Pennsylvania is one of thirteen states that currently require all personal light duty vehicles to be inspected every year. The remaining states have completely eliminated safety inspection programs. However, as automobiles become safer, Pennsylvania legislators are now pushing to phase out the inspection program to reduce the costs of owning a vehicle. This study combines Pennsylvania vehicle registration data with two large samples of results from state safety inspections. We find that the state safety inspection fail rate for light-duty vehicles is 12–18%, well above the often-cited rate of 2%. Vehicles that are older than three years old or have more than about 30,000 miles can have much higher rates. When analyzing new vehicles, less than or equal to one year old, it is found that even these vehicles have a failure rate greater than zero. Furthermore, while the vehicle fleet appears to be getting safer over the past few years by improvements in technology or other external circumstances, the inspection failure rate does not appear to be trending toward zero in the near future. We also show that accurate inspection data is limited and often incorrectly analyzed. Lastly, the importance of vehicle maintenance over a vehicle’s lifetime is proven to be evident, since regular usage causes vehicles to deteriorate. We conclude that vehicle safety inspections should continue to be implemented in order to keep driving conditions safe. |
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| Keywords: | Vehicle safety inspection Failure rate Vehicle maintenance Vehicle safety Pennsylvania |
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