Ultrafine particle infiltration into passenger vehicles. Part I: Experimental evidence |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, USA;3. Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;1. Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;4. China FAW Group Corporation R&D Center, Changchun, China |
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| Abstract: | Previous studies have reported ultrafine particle (UFP) infiltration to the in-cabin microenvironment; however, no systematic measurements have been conducted showing where and under what conditions infiltration occurs. This study examined the automotive envelope leakage and UFP infiltration. We measured the differential pressures between the cabin and the potential leakage area on the surface of 11 passenger vehicles of different models/makers. To identify location of infiltration, UFP concentrations were concurrently measured inside and outside the vehicles as well as near the rear trunks. This study found that UFP infiltration primarily occurs through the rear trunk leakage under recirculation (RC) mode. Under RC mode, aerodynamic effects of a moving vehicle made the surface pressure on the side doors lower (i.e., exfiltration) than the cabin pressure, but higher (i.e., infiltration) on the rear trunk. The UFP concentrations measured near the rear trunks were 2–9 folds higher than inside vehicles. The magnitude of pressure differences increased at higher driving speeds. Under outdoor air (OA) mode, the infiltration was rarely observed because of the fan-controlled cabin pressurization. These data provide the first experimental evidence showing that UFP infiltration into passenger vehicles is location-specific and driving-speed-dependent. |
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| Keywords: | Ultrafine particle Infiltration Leakage In-cabin Passenger Automobile |
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