乌铁局机车乘务员噪声性听力损伤调查

目的了解乌鲁木齐铁路局机车乘务员噪声性听力损伤现况,探讨防治策略。方法现场监测铁路机车内部噪声强度,调查分析乌鲁木齐铁路局机车乘务员纯音听力检测结果。结果铁路机车司机室内部噪声等效声级LAeq为81 dB(DF-11型)或85 dB(DF-4型),超过国家卫生标准;3 011名机车乘务员的听力损失患病率44.99%,以Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级听力损失为主,听力损伤患病率2.13%,以轻度听力损伤为主;噪声组听力损失、损伤患病率明显高于对照组,差异有显著性;听力损失、损伤患病率与驾龄之间存在相关性(Spearman’r=0.786、0.857,P<0.05),听力损失、损伤发生的概率随着驾龄的增长有上升的趋势;4个机务段的听力损失、损伤患病率无差别。结论噪声仍是机车乘务员的主要职业危害,应继续强化合理的个人卫生防护措施,加强安全教育,增强乘务员的自我防护意识,规范职业性健康检查,加大职业卫生监管力度,以降低噪声对乘务员听觉系统的损害。

Investigation on Noise Induced Hearing Loss for Locomotive Drivers in Wulumuqi Railway Board

Objective: To learn the noise exposure of occupational hearing loss in locomotive drivers,and to provide basis for finding effective preventive measures.Methods: The noise intensity was evaluated in locomotive cabinets,and the results on pure hearing in locomotive drivers were investigated.Results: The noise intensity in locomotive cabinets were 81dB(A)(DF-11) or 85dB(A)(DF-4),Which in excess of the occupational health standards of China.The detected rate of hearing loss in locomotive drivers were 44.99%,major in I,II,and III hearing loss.The rate of hearing injures were 2.13%,major in lightly hearing loss.The rate of hearing injures in noise exposed group is significantly higher than that of the control group,and there was an increasing tendency of hearing loss with the increase in driving duration.Conclusions: Noise is the main occupational hazard in locomotive drivers.The individual health protection and self-consciousness should be strengthened,occupational surveillance should be standardized,safety education should be strengthened,and supervise force should be improved to reduce the hearing disadvantage in locomotive drivers.