运营隧道衬砌病害诊治的现状与发展

衬砌病害诊治是隧道运营维护的首要任务。为形成隧道衬砌病害诊治现状与发展趋势的系统认识，从病害类型及成因、病害检测技术、病害加固治理方法3个方面对其发展现状进行了详细阐述和分析，并讨论了衬砌诊治研究尚存在的不足和下一步可能的研究重点。主要结论显示：①不同类型隧道衬砌的主要病害类型已基本明确，但是病害产生原因诊断方法及产生机制尚需进一步研究；②衬砌病害检测技术和方法取得了长足的进步，集合多种检测技术的病害智能检测识别系统成为了研究的主流方向，但是病害信息的快速、高精度拾取和智能识别仍是亟待解决的技术瓶颈；③经过多年研究，已形成了围岩（地层）注浆和内表面加固这2种较为完善的衬砌加固技术方法体系，加固方法作用机制、耦合加固技术和加固设计方法是下一步的可能研究重点。最后，介绍了笔者在衬砌内表面加固研究方面取得的最新进展：开发了隧道衬砌快速早强的FRP网格加固方法，该方法2个小时内即可起到加固作用；提出了衬砌内表面加固界面模拟方法，系统探讨了围岩抗力、前期受力、材料用量、加固范围等对加固效果的影响规律和作用机制；建立了内表面加固的衬砌正截面承载性能及裂缝扩展全过程分析理论。

Present Status and Development Trend of Diagnosis and Treatment of Tunnel Lining Diseases

The diagnosis and treatment of lining diseases is the primary task of tunnel operation and maintenance. In order to form a systematic understanding of the current situation and development trend of the diagnosis and treatment of tunnel lining diseases, the present study expounded and analyzed the current situation in detail from three aspects:types and causes of diseases, detection technologies of diseases, and treatment methods of diseases.And then, the shortcomings and the possible research focus in future of the research on the diagnosis and treatment of tunnel lining diseases were discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:① the main types of lining diseases of different types of tunnels have been basically clarified, but the diagnosis methods and generating mechanism of the diseases need to be further studied; ② the detection technologies and methods of the lining diseases have made great progress, and the intelligent detection and recognition system of diseases which integrates multiple detection technologies has become the main research direction, but the rapid and high-precision collection and intelligent identification of the diseases are still the technical bottlenecks to be resolved; ③ The comprehensive treatment methods including surrounding stratum grouting and reinforcement at inner surface have been formed, however,the mechanism of reinforcement method, coupling reinforcement technologies and reinforcement design method are still the next possible research focus. Finally, this paper introduces the latest research progress made by the author in the reinforcement method at inner surface of the lining:the rapid and early strength reinforcement method with FRP grid of the tunnel lining is developed, which can play a reinforcement role within 2 hours; the interface simulation method for the reinforcement method at inner surface is proposed, and the influence laws and acting mechanism of the surrounding stratum resistance, pre-load, the amount of reinforcement materials and the reinforcement range on the reinforcement effect are systematically discussed; The analysis theory of bearing capacity and crack growth of lining normal section strengthened by inner surface is established.