铁路易腐货物紧密装载方案的优化

易腐货物的运输质量直接影响商品的安全和质量。装载方法是保证易腐货物运输质量的重要技术条件之一。易腐货物装载首先要保障在冷藏车或集装箱内建立起良好的空气循环系统，以有效地控制货物温度，在此基础上再考虑提高装载率。本文结合铁路易腐货物运输实际，以建立良好的空气循环系统为条件，以及提高冷藏车或集装箱装载量为目标，构建相应的优化数学模型。根据易腐货物装车过程的操作特点，运用递阶启发式求解方法能快速求得优化结果。相对原来的经验方法，该方法明显有效。

Optimization of Dense Loading Patterns of Perishable Goods by Railroad

The transport quality has direct influence on the security and quality of perishable goods. As to the loading of the perishable goods, the method of loading is one of the important techniques to ensure the transport quality of perishable goods. Firstly, the well-established air circulation system should be established in a van or container to control the temperature of the goods effectively, and then the problem to make full use of the space is dealt with. This paper combines with the reality of perishable goods transportation on railroad, takes establishment of the good air cycle system as the condition, and sets the improvement of the capacity of the container as the goal. In this way, the corresponding mathematical model and method for hierarchical optimization have been built up. According to the operation characteristics of the loading process of the perishable goods, the optimized result can be quickly obtained by applying the hierarchic heuristic algorithm. Compared with past experiences and methods, the proposed method is more effective.