岩石掘进机关键技术展望

经过5个阶段的发展，TBM在我国的应用正在不断推广，应用前景十分光明，挑战也十分严峻。简要总结我国TBM研究与应用的5个发展阶段和应用前景，分析TBM施工面临的6大挑战： 地质多样化带来更多的地质风险； 应用领域亟待拓展； 设备技术发展赶不上施工需求的变化； 施工进度不均衡； 施工环境越来越严苛； 存在不合理的施工合同。从TBM设计制造及施工应用的9个方面提出展望： 核心部件国产化； 提升各种地质条件下的破岩能力； 提高出渣能力及可靠性； 提升初期支护及超前加固性能； 研发异形断面TBM； 圆形断面TBM开挖隧道的空间合理利用； 大力推动TBM周转使用和再制造TBM应用； 研究极端恶劣地质条件下TBM施工技术； 促进国产配套施工设备研发应用。只有不断深入研究TBM设备与施工的关键技术及前沿技术，有效解决设备设计制造和施工过程中遇到的难题，才能不断提升我国TBM设备与施工技术水平，避免陷入关键技术受制于人的窘境，促进我国TBM事业持续健康发展。

Prospects of Key Technologies of Rock Tunnel Boring Machine

After 5 stages of development, the application of TBM in China is being constantly popularized. Six challenges encountered during TBM construction, i.e. geological risk induced by geological variety, expansion of applicable field, under developed equipment technology, uneven construction schedule, strict environmental requirement and irrational construction contract, are analyzed. Hence, 9 prospects, i.e. nationalization of core components, rock breaking capacity improvement under various geological conditions, mucking capacity and reliability improvement, primary support and advance reinforcement performance improvement, research and development of special shaped cross section TBM, TBM applicable field expansion by making full use of existing circular cross section, TBM turnover and remanufacturing promotion, TBM construction technology research under extremely bad geological conditions and development and application of nationalized matching equipment, are put forward from the aspects of TBM design, manufacture and construction application. The key technologies and advanced technologies of TBM equipment and construction are studied to solve the problems encountered during equipment design and construction, continuously improve the technical level of the TBM equipment and construction in China, and promote healthy and sustainable development of TBM in China.