妈湾跨海盾构隧道人员疏散模式研究

为研究水下隧道人员疏散模式,以妈湾跨海盾构段隧道为工程依托,采用pathfinder数值模拟方法,建立人员疏散路径选择理论模型,研究“楼梯”、“滑梯”、“横通道+楼梯”3种疏散模式下间距对人员疏散的影响,并对安全范围进行分析。结果表明：　1）妈湾跨海盾构隧道楼梯疏散模式的最佳间距为80 m,滑梯疏散模式的最佳间距为60 m;　2）在相同条件下,滑梯疏散效果优于楼梯,当间距为60~70 m时,建议使用滑梯进行疏散;　3）楼梯间距为60~80 m时,人行横通道间距可以适当加大,当楼梯间距为80~90 m时,人行横通道间距不宜过大;　4）当隧道发生火灾时,应优先开启上下游范围的排烟口,其次考虑只开启下游排烟口。

Study of Personnel Evacuation Mode of Mawan Undersea Shield Tunnel

The personnel evacuation mode of Mawan Undersea Shield Tunnel is studied by software pathfinder. Firstly, the theoretical model of personnel evacuation route is established. And then, the influence of spacing of stairs, slides and "cross passages+stairs" on personnel evacuation is studied and the safe evacuation range is analyzed. The study results show that: (1) The optimum spacing of stair evacuation mode of Mawan Undersea Tunnel is 80 m, and the optimum spacing of slide evacuation mode is 60 m. (2) The evacuation effect of slide is better than that of stair under the same conditions. The slide evacuation mode is recommended when the spacing is 60-70 m. (3) When the spacing of stairs is 60-80 m, the spacing of cross passages can be appropriately increased. While the spacing of stairs is 80-90 m, the spacing of cross passages should not be too large. (4) When fire occurs in the tunnel, the optimum way to evacuate is opening the exhaust ports of upstream and downstream, and only opening the exhaust port of downstream is the secondary choice.