社会车辆速度及靠站时间对城市客车排放能耗的影响

为定量探究不同运行区域下社会车辆速度和靠站时间对城市客车排放耗电水平的影响，以燃气和纯电动公交车为研究对象，收集了5条公交线路共75万多条GPS数据和大量的浮动车辆数据，建立不同运行区域下城市公交车运行工况预测模型及排放能耗预测模型，并进行定量影响分析。结果显示:在道路区域下，社会车辆速度相较靠站时间对公交车排放能耗的影响更大，社会车辆平均速度每增加5 km/h，公交车相对速度的增幅可达0.17，相对排放因子和相对耗电因子的降幅可达0.11和0.06。在站点区域下，靠站时间对公交车排放能耗的影响稍高于社会车辆速度的影响，靠站时间每减少15 s，公交车平均速度的增幅可达0.11，相对排放因子和相对耗电因子的降幅均为0.06。研究发现，不同情境下提升社会车辆速度并非总能明显降低公交车排放能耗，因此，在复杂的现实运行环境中应当对交通运行效率与排放能耗进行综合评价和协同控制。 

A Quantitative Analysis on Urban Bus Emissions and Energy Consumptions under Different Road Speeds and Dwell Time

A model for estimating gas or electric bus operating conditions and emissions (or energy consumptions) is developed to quantify urban bus emissions and energy consumptions under different road speeds and dwell time at different locations. This model is developed by more than 750 thousand GPS records of 5 bus lines and a large amount of floating vehicle data. The result shows that in road areas, the road speed of mixed traffic flow has a greater impact on bus emission and energy consumption than dwell time at bus stops. As the road speed increases by 5 km/h, the relativebus speed increases by 0.17, and the relative emission factor and relative energy consumption factor decrease by 0.11 and 0.06, respectively. In the bus stop area, the dwell time at the bus stop has a greater impact on bus emissions and energy consumptions than the speed on the road.As the dwell time decreases by 15 seconds; the relative bus speed increases by 0.11; the relative emission factor and relative energy consumption factor both decrease by 0.06. Increasing the speed on the road at different locations does not always significantly reduce bus emissions and energy consumptions. Thus, cooperative control of bus operation efficiency and emissions (or energy consumptions) should be carried out in the comprehensive traffic system.