雨天高速公路纵坡对驾驶员心率及行车速度影响

为了探究降雨时高速公路纵向坡度对行车安全的影响, 以驾驶员的心率增长率(HRGR)和行车速度做为特征参数, 量化分析晴朗和降雨天气下行车速度与驾驶员心率和纵向坡度之间的关系。开展实地驾驶试验采集基础数据, 提取特征参数进行数据融合, 在控制其他因素不变的情况下, 对比晴天和雨天驾驶员HRGR和车辆行驶速度表现的异同, 并确定纵坡路段的研究特征点; 分析晴天和雨天行车速度表现与驾驶员HRGR变化规律, 建立晴天和雨天驾驶员HRGR和行车速度与道路纵向坡度之间的量化关系模型。结果表明: 道路条件相同时, 驾驶员HRGR与行车速度在晴天和雨天的变化规律是分别一致的, 但雨天驾驶员HRGR变化幅度更大, 减速次数更多; 随坡度增大(坡度区间为[1.0%, 4.0%]), 驾驶员HRGR在下坡路段满足指数增长模型, 在上坡路段满足对数增长模型; 行车速度在上坡路段是呈负指数下降趋势, 但在下坡路段, 行车速度在晴天呈指数型增长, 在雨天却呈现出二次多项式先增长再下降的变化规律。

Influences of Longitudinal Slopes of Highways on Drivers' Heart Rate and Driving Speeds on Rainy Days

The quantitative relationships between longitudinal gradients and driving speeds and those between longitudinal gradients and drivers' heart rate growth rate(HRGR)are studied under sunny and rainy weather. Basic data is collected through a field driving test to extract feature parameters for data fusion. Other factors are unchanged to compare similarities and differences between the vehicle speeds and the drivers' HRGR on sunny and rainy days. Based on these, this study feature points of the longitudinal slope section are determined. Four quantitative models are established by analyzing the performance rules of drivers' HRGR and driving speeds on sunny and rainy days. These four models are the relationships between driving speeds and slope gradients on sunny and rainy days and those between drivers' HRGR and slope gradients. The results show that under the same road conditions, the change trends of drivers' HRGR and driving speeds on sunny and rainy days are the same. However, the drivers' HRGR on rainy days changes more greatly, with more deceleration. With the increased gradient range [1.0, 4.0%], the drivers' HRGR satisfy the exponential growth model in the downhill section and the logarithmic growth model in the uphill section. The driving speeds show a negative exponential decline in the uphill section. In the downhill section, the driving speeds satisfy the exponential growth on sunny days. On rainy days, the quadratic polynomial of the relationship first increases and then decreases.