Representing stochastic transit dwell times in traffic signal optimization |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;2. Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;3. Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;4. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Computational and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;5. Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;6. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;7. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;8. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;9. Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;10. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;11. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Transportation Institute, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China;3. Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, 2101 Village Road MD-2149, Dearborn, MI 48121, United States;4. Asia Pacific Research, Ford Motor Company, Unit 4901, Tower C, Beijing Yintai Center, No. 2 Jianguomenwai Street, Beijing 100022, China;1. School of Educational Sciences, Anshun University, Anshun, China;2. Faculty of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China;1. CF612, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;2. 231L Sackett Building, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;3. 416 McLaughlin Hall, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA |
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| Abstract: | It has been demonstrated that while the TRANSYT traffic model simulates transit vehicles in mixed traffic operation, it does not adequately consider the effects of bus or streetcar stops on the travelled roadway near signalized intersections. Its assumption that the transit vehicles do not hold up other vehicles while they are loading and unloading passengers is also invalid when midblock stops occur in the travelled lanes. To account for the effects of transit stops, an alternative type of network formulation which uses dummy nodes and dummy links with appropriate link costs is proposed for modelling the effects of transit stops. It approximates transit stop dwells by discrete distributions, requiring 1 dummy node and 4 dummy links for each nonzero value used in the approximating distribution. Realism for such operation can be improved significantly, usually with the use of only 1 or 2 dummy nodes per transit stop. Parameters for the dummy links have been tested over a wide range, and a set of operational values is recommended. Flow profiles illustrating the need for and the effects of the recommended formulation are presented in the paper. |
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