越江(跨海)工程的桥隧方案比较

在筹划跨越较大江河、湖泊、海洋工程时,进行项目论证经常遇到的大方案就是采用桥梁方案还是隧道方案,或桥隧结合跨越方案。文章首先介绍了近几年黄浦江越江工程;其次,介绍了国内外越江桥隧工程的一些案例,指出桥、隧工程方案比较可从需求(包括交通量需求、城市或地区的规划及发展需求等)、可行(包括航道、水文、气象、技术、经济等)和安全性(包括抗震、抗风、防灾、国防、可持续发展、耐久性、环境等)等方面考虑比较。已建成的上海崇明跨越长江口越江通道,采用南隧北桥方案,是一个桥隧结合方案的成功范例。最后,探讨了桥隧方案比较的方法,如建立符合实际的工程数学模型,通过定量与定性的有机结合,采用切实可行的比较方法,使桥隧或桥隧结合方案在比选中更贴近实际并减少失误。

River-crossing or Sea-crossing Project:Bridge,Tunnel, or Bridge-tunnel Combination

In planning projects crossing rivers, lakes or sea, we have to consider which of the following schemes, i.e., the bridge scheme, the tunnel scheme or the “bridge+tunnel” scheme, should be adopted. In the paper, first, the Huangpu river crossing projects built in Shanghai in recent years are presented; then, bridges or tunnels crossing rivers that have been built in China and abroad are presented. It is concluded that the following three factors, i.e., the requirements (including the traffic demand, the urban and/or regional planning and development requirements, etc.), the feasibility (including the navigation channel, the hydrology, the meteorology, the technology, the economy, etc.), the safety (including the seismic resistance, the wind resistance, the disaster prevention, the national defense, the sustainable development, the durability, the environment, etc.), should be considered in the comparison of river crossing project schemes. Chongming river crossing project built in Shanghai, which consists of tunnel in the south section and bridge in the north section, is a successful project. Finally, the method for the bridge/tunnel scheme comparison is discussed. It is recommended that numerical models suitable for the actual conditions should be established, quantitative and qualitative combined analysis should be made and feasible comparison method should be taken so as to achieve a rational final scheme.