提高汽车耐撞性的能量吸收结构撞击吸能特性研究

安全法规对车辆的耐撞性能提出了要求，性能优越的能量吸收结构可以有效地改善汽车的耐撞性能。文中研究了多种金属材料的薄壁圆柱管沿轴向压缩的历程，总结了轴对称叠缩型、过渡型、非轴对称叠缩型和翻裂型４种典型的破坏模式，它们与能量吸收机理和冲击历程紧密相关。比较了不同类型吸能结构的缓冲和吸能性能，并对这类能量吸收结构的设计提出了建议。

Study on Energy Absorption Structure and Collision Energy Absorption Characteristic to Improve Motor Vehicle Collision Resistance Performance

The safety regulations put torward the requirements of vehicle collision resistance performances, the superior energy absorption structures can improve effectively the collision resistance performances of motor vehicles. This paper describes the research processes of compressing axially the thin wall cylindrical tubes made by many kinds of metal material and summarizes 4 typical destructive modes: axial symmetric folding mode, transit mode, non - axial symmetric folding mode and crimping crack mode, which are related closely with the energy absorption mechanism and the collision process and compares the buffering and energy absorption performances of different energy absorption structures and makes the proposals of designing energy absorption structures.