1975-2007年中国铁路机车耗能变化分析

根据中国铁路运输行业多年的统计数据，探讨了1975-2007年中国铁路机车的逐年能源消耗量，分析了中国铁路机车的能耗强度及其变化. 结果表明，1975年至2007年，中国铁路蒸汽机车的原煤消耗量逐年大幅降低，内燃机车的柴油消耗量和电力机车的耗电量逐年上升，但机车年耗能总量呈降低趋势，平均每年减少11.5万吨标准煤. 中国铁路机车的能耗强度呈明显的降低趋势，其值从1975年的267.9 kg标准煤／万换算吨公里降至2007年的35.6 kg标准煤／万换算吨公里，年均降低7.3 kg标准煤／万换算吨公里. 该研究对明确多年来中国铁路运输行业的机车能耗状况及其年际变化具有一定的意义，可为制定中国铁路运输行业的节能对策提供依据.

Energy Consumption of Locomotives in China Railways during 1975-2007

Based on annual statistical data collected by the Chinese Railway Statistic Center, the energy consumptions of locomotives during 1975 to 2007 were calculated, and the energy consumption intensity and its dynamic characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the energy consumption of steam locomotives decreased while that of diesel and electric locomotives increased with time. The total energy consumption of locomotives in China decreased at a rate of 0.115 Mt standard coal equivalent per year. The energy consumption intensity of locomotives decreased from 26.79 g standard coal equivalent (converted t•km)-1 in 1975 to 3.56 g standard coal equivalent (converted t•km)-1 in 2007 at an average rate of 0.73 g standard coal equivalent (converted t•km)-1 per year. This study provides some valuable data on the status quo of energy consumption in the railway sector of China. Furthermore, the estimation presented in this paper can also give some suggestions for making energy saving strategy in China railways.