北京、上海、杭州机动车对PM2.5的贡献度差异

北京、上海、杭州3个城市的人口规模、城市功能、发展阶段不尽相同,交通结构和交通政策各有差异,但数据反映的交通对PM2.5的贡献度相当,背后原因值得探究。从PM2.5源解析结构和交通自身影响两个环节入手,对其内部机理和原因进行深入分析。就源解析结构而言,三城市在区域输送、本地源排放中的能源结构和产业结构等均有较大差异。就交通自身影响而言,北京、杭州过境道路交通影响较大,而上海的交通污染贡献还包括远洋船舶。因此,三城市机动车对PM2.5的贡献度存在差异,建议北京PM2.5的治理关注区域、燃煤和过境车辆要素,上海关注工业、船舶污染,杭州关注工业、燃煤、扬尘等影响。

Different PM2.5 Emissions by Transportation in Beijing,Shanghai and Hangzhou

Due to the differences in populations, urban functionalities and development stages, Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou have different travel mode share and transportation policies. However, their road traffic contributions to PM2.5 emissions are almost the same, which deserves the investigations. From the PM2.5 emission source and the traffic analysis, this paper discusses the internal mechanism and causes of air pollution. At the level of source analysis, the energy consumption and industrial structure in regional transportation and vehicle emissions of these three cities are quite different. In terms of the impact of trans-portation itself, by-passing traffic has a big impact in Beijing and Hangzhou, while Shanghai's transporta-tion pollution also includes ocean-going vessels. Therefore, the contribution of motorized traffic to PM2.5 in these three cities is different. To control PM2.5 pollution, it is recommended for Beijing to focus on re-gional transportation, coal consumption and by-passing vehicles, for Shanghai to pay attention on industry and vessel-related pollution, and for Hangzhou to make efforts control pollutions from industry, coal com-bustion and dust.