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斯德哥尔摩的拥挤收费政策——政策实施5年后的效果、接受度及经验启示
引用本文:Maria Borjesson,Jonas Eliasson,Muriel B. Hugsson,Karin Brundell-Freij,刘莹[译],蔡静[译]. 斯德哥尔摩的拥挤收费政策——政策实施5年后的效果、接受度及经验启示[J]. 城市交通, 2012, 0(2): 75-91
作者姓名:Maria Borjesson  Jonas Eliasson  Muriel B. Hugsson  Karin Brundell-Freij  刘莹[译]  蔡静[译]
作者单位:[1]瑞典皇家理工学院交通研究中心,斯德哥尔摩SE-10044 [2]WSP集团分析和策略部交通研究中心,斯德哥尔摩12188 [3]北京市交通发展研究中心,北京100073
摘    要:根据2006年拥挤收费政策试运行结束后的公民投票结果,2007年,斯德哥尔摩正式实施了该政策。讨论了其至2011年6月首个5年内的政策实施效果。结果表明,受到外部因素影响,由收费引起的交通减少量随时间推移稍有增加。2008年的清洁汽车免税措施可显著提高销售量。结合最新研究成果和瑞典的经验,讨论了公众接受度和政治接受度。得到的结论是:拥挤收费对交通系统的主客观影响,以及环境和政治态度,是公众支持拥挤收费的基础;同时,为了获得政治支持,必须要进行体制改革、解决权力问题。最后,简要讨论了拥挤收费的实施对瑞典交通规划进程的可能影响。

关 键 词:拥挤收费  公众接受度  政治接受度  价格弹性  长期效应

The Stockholm Congestion Charges--5 Years on Effects, Acceptability and Lessons Learnt
Written by Maria Brjesson,Jonas Eliasson,Muriel B.Hugsson,Karin Brundell-Freij,Translated by Liu Ying,Cai Jing. The Stockholm Congestion Charges--5 Years on Effects, Acceptability and Lessons Learnt[J]. Urban Transport of China, 2012, 0(2): 75-91
Authors:Written by Maria Brjesson  Jonas Eliasson  Muriel B.Hugsson  Karin Brundell-Freij  Translated by Liu Ying  Cai Jing
Affiliation:Written by Maria Borjesson, Jonas Eliassonl, Muriel B. Hugsson, Karin Brundell-Freij Translated by Liu Ying, Cai Jing (1.Centre for Transport Studies, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden; 2.Centre for Transport Studies, WSP Analysis & Strategy, Stockholm 12188, Sweden; 3.Beijing Transportation Research Center, Beijing 100073, China)
Abstract:Congestion charges were introduced in Stockholm in 2006, first as a trial followed by a referen- dum, then permanently from 2007. This paper discusses what conclu- sions can be drawn from the first five years of operation, until mid-2011. We show that the traffic reduction caused by the charges has increased slightly over time, once extemal factors are controlled for. Alternative fuel vehicles were ex- empt from the charges through 2008, and we show that this sub- stantially increased the sales of such vehicles. We discuss public and political acceptability, synthe- sizing recent research and Swedish experience. We conclude that objec- tive and subjective effects on the traffic system, as well as general en- vironmental and political attitudes, formed the basis of the strong pub- lic support, while institutional re- forms and resolution of power is- sues were necessary to gain politi- cal support. Finally, we briefly dis- cuss implications for the transport planning process in general.
Keywords:Keywords : congestion charging  public acceptability  political acceptability  elasticity  long-term ef-fects
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