Controlled time of arrival windows for already initiated energy-neutral continuous descent operations |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;2. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;3. School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;4. School of Business Administration, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;1. Interdisciplinary Division of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;2. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;3. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China;1. Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;2. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China;3. Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;4. School of Aviation, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;5. School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China |
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| Abstract: | Continuous descent operations with controlled times of arrival at one or several metering fixes could enable environmentally friendly procedures without compromising terminal airspace capacity. This paper focuses on controlled time of arrival updates once the descent has been already initiated, assessing the feasible time window (and associated fuel consumption) of continuous descent operations requiring neither thrust nor speed-brake usage along the whole descent (i.e. only elevator control is used to achieve different metering times). Based on previous works, an optimal control problem is formulated and numerically solved. The earliest and latest times of arrival at the initial approach fix have been computed for the descent of an Airbus A320 under different scenarios, considering the potential altitudes and distances to go when receiving the controlled time of arrival update. The effects of the aircraft mass, initial speed, longitudinal wind and position of the initial approach fix on the time window have been also investigated. Results show that time windows about three minutes could be achieved for certain conditions, and that there is a trade-off between robustness facing controlled time of arrival updates during the descent and fuel consumption. Interestingly, minimum fuel trajectories almost correspond to those of minimum time. |
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| Keywords: | Air traffic management Trajectory optimisation Controlled time of arrival Continuous descent operations Time windows |
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