Locating charging infrastructure for electric buses in Stockholm |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Energy and Climate Studies Unit, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;2. Integrated Transport Research Lab (ITRL), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;3. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria;1. McMaster Institute for Transportation and Logistics (MITL), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1;2. Centre for Spatial Analysis (CSpA), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1;3. School of Geography & Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1;1. Chair for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Jaegerstrasse 17-19, 52066 Aachen, Germany;2. Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany;3. DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark;4. Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON Energy Research Center, RWTH Aachen University, Germany;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward, 1233 GG Brown, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, United States;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward, 2120 GG Brown, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, United States;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States;1. Uncertainty Decision-Making Laboratory, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China;2. Glenn Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;3. Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Charging infrastructure requirements are being largely debated in the context of urban energy planning for transport electrification. As electric vehicles are gaining momentum, the issue of locating and securing the availability, efficiency and effectiveness of charging infrastructure becomes a complex question that needs to be addressed. This paper presents the structure and application of a model developed for optimizing the distribution of charging infrastructure for electric buses in the urban context, and tests the model for the bus network of Stockholm. The major public bus transport hubs connecting to the train and subway system show the highest concentration of locations chosen by the model for charging station installation. The costs estimated are within an expected range when comparing to the annual bus public transport costs in Stockholm. The model could be adapted for various urban contexts to promptly assist in the transition to fossil-free bus transport. The total costs for the operation of a partially electrified bus system in both optimization cases considered (cost and energy) differ only marginally from the costs for a 100% biodiesel system. This indicates that lower fuel costs for electric buses can balance the high investment costs incurred in building charging infrastructure, while achieving a reduction of up to 51% in emissions and up to 34% in energy use in the bus fleet. |
| |
| Keywords: | Electric bus Charging infrastructure Optimization Mixed Integer Linear Programing Public transport Sweden |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
