Multiple objective programming for bus operation: A case study for Taipei city

This paper, based on the viewpoints of both the passengers and the operator, uses a multi-objective utility function to formulate an effective bus transportation system. The utility function is composed of six factors of passenger concern including riding time, waiting time, degree of crowdedness, transferring frequencies, standing probability and walking time; and also the two major factors of concern to the bus operator: cost and profit. By using a multi-objective programming technique, a series of noninferior solutions are generated. Also, an application to the Taipei city bus system is presented.