基于组合赋权-改进TOPSIS法的城市慢行三网融合评价方法

为解决城市绿道、滨水道路、市政慢行道路等城市慢行系统相互独立、衔接不畅的问题，针对现有研究缺乏三网融合水平评价的现状，研究了基于组合赋权-改进TOPSIS模型的三网融合评价方法。传统的TOP-SIS法采用理想解计算贴近度，没有考虑到异常值与实际情况，故运用基于高斯分布的离群点检测法处理极端异常值，建立了1个综合考虑三网融合水平的评价模型。以往路网评价通常是针对单个对象进行研究，而未考虑多个对象融合情况，因此在构建评价指标体系的过程中，根据三网融合因素、慢行道路网络出行特点、居民出行便利性等，并结合实地调查，选取网络连通性、可达性等相关的13个指标。为了避免单一赋权产生的偏重性，本文建立权重组合优化模型使层次分析法和熵权法确定的主客观权重与组合权重的偏离程度最小。本研究以朝阳区慢行系统网络为例进行验证分析，根据位置和功能，将其分成21个绿道段，得到21个评价对象的三网融合情况和综合排名。结果表明：相较于以往的慢行评价方法和经典的评价方法，该改进模型贴近度标准差为0.278，具有更好的区分度，能够更准确地识别影响三网融合程度的主要因素，并根据各个指标权重做出针对性的优化工作。该评价方法可作为提升绿道、滨水道路与市政慢行道路衔接效果的优化指导方法，促进三网融合与慢行道路网络优化。

A Combined Weighting-improved TOPSIS Method for Evaluating Integration of Urban Greenway-Waterfront Road-municipal Non-motorized Transport Network

In order to solve the problem of mutual independence and poor connection between urban greenways, waterfront roads, and municipal non-motorized transport network. In a view of the lack of existing studies on the evaluation of the level of tri-networks integration, an evaluation method based on the combination of weighting-improved TOPSIS model is investigated. The traditional TOPSIS method uses ideal solutions to calculate closeness without considering outliers and actual conditions. Therefore, an outlier detection method based on Gaussian distribution is used to deal with extreme outliers, and an evaluation model is established to comprehensively assess the level of tri-network integration. Previous methods of evaluating road network are usually conducted on a single object without considering the integration of multiple objects. Therefore, considering factors of the three networks, travel characteristics of non-motorized transport network and residents' travel convenience, an evaluation system and 13 related indicators, including network connectivity, accessibility and other features, are developed from field surveys. In order to avoid the bias generated by a single weighting, this paper establishes an optimization model of weight combination so that the subjective and objective weights determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and entropy weighting method deviate from the combination of weights to the smallest extent. This study takes the non-motorized transport network in Chaoyang District as a case study for model verification. According to location and function, the network is segmented into 21 greenways, and the ranking for three-network integration of the greenways are obtained. Compared with previous evaluation methods, the results show that the standard deviation of closeness from the improved model is 0.278, which yields better distinction for evaluation of network integration. Besides, the proposed model can accurately identify the main factors that affect the integration of the three networks, and make optimization based on the weight of each indicator. Thus, the proposed evaluation method can be used to a reference to optimize and promote the integration of greenways, waterfront roads and municipal non-motorized transport.