不同目标条件下收费公路规制效应的比较

为了比较不同目标条件下的规制措施对收费公路经济变量的影响, 应用福利经济学和规制经济学基本理论, 构建了不同目标条件下的收费公路规制模型, 通过仿真计算, 比较了5种不同规制模型中主要经济变量的差异。分析结果表明: 无规制前提下追求社会福利最大化目标容易导致企业亏损; 收支均衡前提下追求社会福利最大化目标会使通行费价格提高; 无规制前提下追求利润最大化的目标会导致收费公路通行能力下降, 社会福利水平减小; 交通量规制和通行成本规制前提下追求利润最大化目标既有助于提高社会福利水平, 同时也有利于增加企业利润。收费公路的社会福利最大化目标和企业利润最大化目标难以同时实现, 但是政府规制前提下的特许经营模式有利于协调两大目标之间的差异。

Comparison of toll road regulation effects under different goal conditions

In order to compare the influences of regulation measures on the economic variables of toll roads under different goals, the regulation models of toll roads under different goals were built by using the basic theories of welfare economics and regulation economics, and the differences of major economic variables in five different regulation models were compared by simulation calculation.Analysis result shows that it is easy to lead to business losses under the objective of social welfare maximization with no regulation.The toll price will increase under the objective of social welfare maximization with a breakeven on the finance of toll road.The road capacity and social welfare will decrease under the objective of profit maximization with no regulation.It is helpful to increase not only social welfare but also corporate profit under the objective of profit maximization with traffic volume regulation and travel cost regulation.The objectives of social welfare maximization and profit maximization are difficult to be achieved at the same time, but it is helpful to reconcile the differences between the two goals under toll road concession with government regulation.