The systemic,long-run relation among gasoline demand,gasoline price,income, and vehicle ownership in OECD countries: Evidence from panel cointegration and causality modeling |
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| Authors: | Brantley Liddle |
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| Institution: | 1. Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States;2. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States;3. Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States;4. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States;5. Zambia–Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia;6. US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States;7. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States;8. Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States;9. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States;1. College of Business Administration, Kookmin University, 136-702 Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. School of Economics and Trade, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Republic of Korea;1. Zoologisches Museum, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hegewischstr. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany;2. Zoology, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany;3. German Primate Center, Leibnitz Institute of Primate Research, Functional Imaging Department, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen, Germany;4. Clinic of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany;5. Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany;1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;2. Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;3. School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Physical Education Building, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada;4. Department of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3V6, Canada;1. Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children''s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children''s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Pediatric Rheumatology Research Group, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;6. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | This paper looks at relationships between gasoline consumption per capita, income, gasoline price, and car ownership for a panel of OECD countries. Estimated long-run and short-run income elasticities are smaller than typically found and gasoline consumption is Granger-caused by gasoline price, but not by car ownership or income. Car ownership is Granger-caused by income and at the margin by gasoline consumption, but not by gasoline price. |
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