北京市小汽车社会与个人支付成本比较分析

首先分析了小汽车社会成本与个人支付成本计算指标构成,并考虑现有条件下可获得的数据情况,对部分指标的计算方法进行调整,对于不易直接获取成本额的成本指标,采用市场价格代替成本数据进行估算。然后以北京市各历史年城市客运交通领域的投资等数据为基础,分别计算成本各构成指标,汇总得到北京市2000年、2005年小汽车社会成本和个人支付成本。结果表明,北京市小汽车个人支付成本偏低并且低于社会成本,从一定程度上可解释小汽车出行比例增高的现象。同时说明,可通过一定措施来调整个人支付成本与社会成本的差异,以引导北京市公众出行方式的选择。

Comparative Analysis of Cars' Social Cost and Individual Payment Cost in Beijing

Firstly,the constitution of cars' social cost parameters and individual payment cost parameters were analyzed,and the calculation methods of some cost parameters were adjusted considering the data availability.The cost data which are difficult to get directly were substituted by the corresponding market prices.Then,based on the capitalized cost data of urban passenger transport in Beijing over the past years,the constitutional cost parameters were calculated and the results of the cars' social cost and the individual payment cost in Beijing in the years of 2000 and 2005 were got respectively.The results indicate that the cars' individual payment cost is comparatively lower than the social cost,which explained why the ratio of traveling by car is increased.The public choices of traveling modes could be induced through adjusting the gap between individual payment cost and social cost.